1.) The study of the earth's climate is absolutley a science. Interestingly enough the earth has produced verifiable numbers for millenia and continues to do so. You're absolutely right that I can find courses in the top universities on the planet that treat the study of earth's climate as a science.
MIT:
12.003 Introduction to Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate Dynamics
Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and Physics I (GIR)
U (Fall)
3-1-8 units. REST
Introduces the dynamical processes that govern the atmosphere, oceans, and climate. Topics include Earth's radiation budget, convection and clouds, the circulation of the atmosphere and ocean, and climate change. Illustrates underlying mechanisms through laboratory demonstrations with a rotating table, and through analysis of atmospheric and oceanic data.
Stanford:
EARTHSYS 103. Understanding Energy. 3-5 Units.
Energy is the number one contributor to climate change and has significant consequences for our society, political system, economy, and environment. Energy is also a fundamental driver of human development and opportunity. In taking this course, students will not only understand the fundamentals of each energy resource -- including significance and potential, conversion processes and technologies, drivers and barriers, policy and regulation, and social, economic, and environmental impacts -- students will also be able to put this in the context of the broader energy system. Both depletable and renewable energy resources are covered, including oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, biomass and biofuel, hydroelectric, wind, solar thermal and photovoltaics (PV), geothermal, and ocean energy, with cross-cutting topics including electricity, storage, climate change and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), sustainability, green buildings, energy efficiency, transportation, and the developing world. The course is 4 units, which includes lecture and in-class discussion, readings and videos, assignments, and two off-site field trips. Field trip offerings differ each fall (see syllabus for updated list), but may include Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant, Shasta dam, Tesla Gigafactory, NextEra wind farm, San Ardo oil field, Geyser¿s geothermal power plants, etc. Students choose two field trips from approximately 8 that are offered. Enroll for 5 units to also attend the Workshop, an interactive discussion section on cross-cutting topics that meets once per week for 80 minutes (timing TBD). The 3-unit option requires instructor approval - please contact Diana Ginnebaugh. Open to all: pre-majors and majors, with any background! The course was formerly called Energy Resources.
Harvard:
Earth and Planetary Sciences 231. Climate Dynamics
The course covers climate dynamics and climate variability phenomena and mechanisms, and provides hands-on experience running and analyzing climate models, as well as using dynamical system theory tools. Among the subjects covered: energy balance and greenhouse effect, El Nino, thermohaline circulation, abrupt climate change, millennial variability (DO and Heinrich events), glacial-interglacial cycles, the ocean carbonate system and CO2 changes, warm past and future climates, and more.
Each school has many options on the physics and chemistry of climate change, but maybe you don't trust those liberal schools so let's check a conservative one...
BYU:
GEOL 108:
Climate and the Earth System
Chemical, physical, and biological processes shaping the Earth's surface and climate, emphasizing quantitative methods for measuring and evaluating contemporary climate and environmental changes relative to the last several thousand years.
2.) I never said the Earth wasn't going to warm in the next 50 years. The earth on the whole is currently warming as it was predicted to do so. I'm sure you'll find models that did grossly overestimate the pace of change as you'll find models that underestimate.